RELAÇÃO ENTRE A EXPOSIÇÃO AOS AGROTÓXICOS E O CÂNCER DE MAMA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Resumo
O câncer caracteriza-se pela proliferação de células fora da normalidade fisiológica. Dentre os diferentes tipos desta doença, o câncer de mama feminino é o mais incidente no mundo. Entre os fatores de risco pode-se citar aspectos genéticos, fatores ambientais e comportamentais. Dentre os fatores ambientais, destacam-se os agrotóxicos, por sua ação como desregulador endócrino. Este estudo objetivou identificar na literatura a relação entre o câncer de mama e os agrotóxicos. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, realizada por duas revisoras independentes, na base de dados Periódicos Capes. Para tal, considerou-se os artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos e o uso dos descritores: “pesticidas” AND “câncer de mama” OR “neoplasia mamária”, e seus correspondentes em inglês. Foram selecionados 62 artigos científicos, a partir dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. A partir da análise dos artigos foram elaboradas de três categorias para discussão: 1) risco de câncer de mama por exposição a pesticidas, por contato intencional em práticas laborais e com menor frequência por contato não intencional; 2) concentrações séricas e 3) análise de tecidos expostos a pesticidas naturalmente ou induzidos para estudo. Concluiu-se que o uso do agrotóxico, por si só, pode não determinar o desenvolvimento do câncer, mas pode aumentar as chances do mesmo ocorrer, além de possibilitar a diminuição da sobrevida de mulheres já diagnosticadas.
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